Kidney cancer
is usually defined as a cancer that originates in the kidney.
The two most common types of kidney cancer, reflecting their location within the kidney, arerenal cell carcinoma (RCC) and urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC) of the renal pelvis.
The distinction between these two types (RCC and UCC) is important because their prognosis,staging, and management, i.e. treatment (e.g. surgery, chemotherapy etc.), are different.
Types
In addition to renal cell carcinoma and renal pelvis carcinoma, other, less common types of kidney cancer include:
§ Squamous cell carcinoma
§ Juxtaglomerular cell tumor (reninoma)
§ Angiomyolipoma
§ Renal oncocytoma
§ Bellini duct carcinoma
§ Clear-cell sarcoma of the kidney
§ Mesoblastic nephroma
§ Wilms' tumor, usually is reported in children under the age of 5.
§ Mixed epithelial stromal tumor[1]
Rarely, some other types of cancer and potentially cancerous tumors that more usually originate elsewhere can originate in the kidneys. These include:
§ Clear cell adenocarcinoma
§ Transitional cell carcinoma
§ Inverted papilloma
§ Renal lymphoma
§ Teratoma
§ Carcinosarcoma
§ Carcinoid tumor of the renal pelvis
Cancer in the kidney may also be secondary, the result of metastasis from a primary cancer elsewhere in the body.
Signs and symptoms
Common signs and symptoms of a kidney cancer include, in order of prevalence: palpable mass in the abdomen, hematuria, and hydronephrosis. There may also be no signs or symptoms, however. A palpable mass is by far the most common sign. The mass typically presents first in the anterior lumbar region, between the margins of the ribs and the crista ilii; it then grows forward to the umbilicus, upwards into the hypochondrium, and downwards into the iliac and inguinal regions. In extreme cases it fills the entire belly. The colon, and sometimes a portion of the small intestines, lies in front of it. This position of the colon furnishes an important diagnostic mark of all kidney cancers
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